Programming a Tic Tac Toe Game in Visual Basic

Programming a Tic Tac Toe Game in Visual Basic Programming computer games may be the most technically challenging (and possibly the best paying) job that a programmer can have. Top level games require the best from both programmers and computers. Visual Basic 6 has now been thoroughly bypassed as a platform for game programming. (It never really was one. Even in the good ol days, serious game programmers would never use a high-level language like VB 6 because you just couldnt get the cutting edge performance that most games require.) But the simple Tic Tac Toe game is a great introduction to programming that is a little more advanced than Hello World! This is a great introduction to many of the fundamental concepts of programming since it combines techniques including: The use of arrays. The X and O markers are kept in separate arrays and the entire arrays are passed between functions to keep track of the progress of the game.Using VB 6 level graphics: VB 6 doesnt offer great graphical capability, but the game is a good introduction to what is available. Much of the rest of this series is an exploration of how GDI, the next generation of Microsoft graphics, replaces the VB 6 level graphics.Using math calculations for program control: The program uses clever modulo (Mod) and integer division calculations using the two-game marker arrays to determine when a three-element win has occurred. The class of programming in this article is perhaps just a little past the beginning level but it should be good for intermediate programmers. But lets start at an elementary level to illustrate some of the concepts and get you started with your Visual Basic game programming career. Even students more advanced than that may find that its slightly challenging to get the objects in the form just right. How to Play Tic Tac Toe If youve never played Tic Tac Toe, here are the rules. Two players alternate at placing Xs and Os into 3 x 3 playing field. Before the game starts, both players have to agree about who will go first and who will mark his moves with which symbol. After the first move, the players alternately place their marks in any empty cell. The goal of the game is to be the first player with three marks in a horizontal, diagonal or vertical line. If there are no empty cells and neither player has a winning combination, the game is a draw. Starting the Program Before starting any actual coding, its always a good idea to change the names of any components you use. Once you start coding, the name will be used automatically by Visual Basic so you want it to be the right name. Well use the form name frmTicTacToe and well also change the caption to About Tic Tac Toe. With the form established, use the line toolbox control to draw a 3 x 3 grid. Click the line tool, then draw a line where you want it. Youll have to create four lines this way and adjust their length and position to make them look right. Visual Basic also has some convenient tools under the Format menu that will help. This is a great chance to practice with them. In addition to the playing grid, well need some objects for the X and O symbols that will be placed on the grid. Since there are nine spaces in the grid, well create an object array with nine spaces, called elements in Visual Basic. There are several ways to do just about everything in the Visual Basic development environment, and creating control arrays is is no exception. Probably the easiest way is to create the first label (click and draw just like the line tool), name it, set all of the attributes (such as Font and ForeColor), and then make copies of it. VB 6 will ask if you want to create a control array. Use the name lblPlayGround for the first label. To create the other eight elements of the grid, select the first label object, set the Index property to zero, and press CTRLC (copy). Now you can press CTRLV (paste) to create another label object. When you copy objects like this, each copy will inherit all properties except Index from the first one. Index will increase by one for each copy. This is a control array because they all have the same name, but different index values. If you create the array this way, all of the copies will be stacked on top of each other in the upper left corner of the form. Drag each label to one of the playing grid positions. Be sure that index values are sequential in the grid. The logic of the program depends on it. The label object with index value 0 should be in the top left corner, and the bottom right label should have index 8. If the labels cover the playing grid, select each label, right-click, and select Send to Back. Since there are eight possible ways to win the game, well need eight different lines to show the win on the playing grid. You will use the same technique to create another control array. First, draw the line, name it linWin, and set the Index property to zero. Then use copy-paste technique to produce seven more lines. The following illustration shows how to set the index numbers correctly. In addition to the label and line objects, you need some command buttons to play the game and more labels to keep score. The steps to create these are not detailed here, but these are the objects you need. Two button objects: cmdNewGamecmdResetScore Frame object fraPlayFirst containing two option buttons: optXPlayeroptOPlayer Frame object fraScoreBoard containing six labels. Only lblXScore and lblOScore are changed in the program code. lblXlblXScorelblOlblOScorelblMinuslblColon Finally, you also need the label object lblStartMsg to mask the cmdNewGame button when it shouldnt be clicked. This isnt visible in the illustration below because it occupies the same space in the form as the command button. You may have to move the command button temporarily to draw this label on the form. So far, no VB coding has been done, but were finally ready to do that. Initialization Now you get to finally start coding the program. If you havent already, you might want to download the source code to follow along as the operation of the program is explained. One of the first design decisions to make is how to keep track of the current state of the game. In other words, what are the current Xs and Os on the playing grid and who moves next. The concept of state is critical in a lot of programming, and in particular, its important in programming ASP and ASP.NET for the web There are several ways that this could be done, so its a critical step in the analysis. If you were solving this problem on your own, you might want to draw a flowchart and try out different options with scratch paper before starting any coding. Variables Our solution uses two two-dimensional arrays because that helps keep track of state by simply changing the array indexes in program loops. The state of the top-left corner will be in the array element with index (1, 1), the top-right corner will be in (1, 3), the bottom-right in (3,3), and so forth. The two arrays that do this are: iXPos(x, y) and iOPos(x, y) There are a lot of different ways this can be done and the final VB.NET solution in this series shows you how to do it with just a single one-dimensional array. The programming to translate these arrays into player win decisions and visible displays in the form are on the next page. You also need a few global variables as follows. Notice that these are in the General and Declarations code for the form. This makes them module level variables that can be referenced anywhere in the code for this form. For more on this, check Understanding the Scope of Variables in Visual Basic Help. There are two areas where variables are initialized in our program. First, a few variables are initialized while the form frmTicTacToe is loading. Private Sub Form_Load() Second, before each new game, all variables that need to be reset to starting values are assigned in an initialization subroutine. Sub InitPlayGround() Note that the form load initialization also calls the playground initialization. One of the critical skills of a programmer is the ability to use the debugging facilities to understand what the code is doing. You can use this program to try: Stepping through the code with the F8 keySetting a watch on key variables, such as sPlaySign or iMoveSetting a breakpoint and querying the value of variables. For example, in the inner loop of the initialization: lblPlayGround((i - 1) * 3 j - 1).Caption Note that this program clearly shows why its a good programming practice to keep data in arrays whenever possible. If you did not have arrays in this program, you would have to write code something like this: Line0.Visible FalseLine1.Visible FalseLine2.Visible FalseLine3.Visible FalseLine4.Visible FalseLine5.Visible FalseLine6.Visible FalseLine7.Visible False instead of this: For i 0 To 7linWin(i).Visible FalseNext i Making a Move If any part of the system can be thought of as the heart, its subroutine lblPlayGround_Click. This subroutine is called every time a player clicks the playing grid. (Clicks must be inside one of the nine lblPlayGround elements.) Notice that this subroutine has an argument: (Index As Integer). Most of the other event subroutines, like cmdNewGame_Click() do not. Index indicates which label object has been clicked. For example, index would contain the value zero for the top-left corner of the grid and the value eight for the bottom-right corner. After a player clicks a square in the game grid, the command button to start another game, cmdNewGame, is turned on by making it visible. The state of this command button does double duty because its also used as a boolean decision variable later in the program. Using a property value as a decision variable is usually discouraged because if it ever becomes necessary to change the program (say, for example, to make the cmdNewGame command button visible all the time), then the program will unexpectedly fail because you might not remember that its also used as part of the program logic. For this reason, its always a good idea to search through program code and check the use of anything you change when doing program maintenance, even property values. This program violates the rule partly to make this point and partly because this is a relatively simple piece of code where its easier to see what is being done and avoid problems later. A player selection of a game square is processed by calling the GamePlay subroutine with Index as the argument. Processing the Move First, you check to see if an unoccupied square was clicked. If lblPlayGround(xo_Move).Caption Then Once were sure this is a legitimate move, the move counter (iMove) is incremented. The next two lines are very interesting since they translate the coordinates from the one-dimensional If lblPlayGround component array to two-dimensional indexes that you can use in either iXPos or iOPos. Mod and integer division (the backslash) are mathematical operations that you dont use every day, but heres a great example showing how they can be very useful. Â  If lblPlayGround(xo_Move).Caption TheniMove iMove 1x Int(xo_Move / 3) 1y (xo_Move Mod 3) 1 The xo_Move value 0 will be translated to (1, 1), 1 to (1, 2) ... 3 to (2, 1) ... 8 to (3, 3). The value in sPlaySign, a variable with module scope, keeps track of which player made the move. Once the move arrays are updated, the label components in the playing grid can be updated with the appropriate sign. If sPlaySign O TheniOPos(x, y) 1iWin CheckWin(iOPos())ElseiXPos(x, y) 1iWin CheckWin(iXPos())End IflblPlayGround(xo_Move).Caption sPlaySign For example, when the X player clicks the top left corner of the grid, variables will have the following values: The user screen shows only an X in the upper left box, while the iXPos has a 1 in the upper left box and 0 in all of the others. The iOPos has 0 in every box. The values changes when the O player clicks the center square of the grid. Now th iOPos shows a 1 in the center box while the user screen shows an X in the upper left and an O in the center box. The iXPos shows only the 1 in the upper left corner, with 0 in all of the other boxes. Now that you know where a player clicked, and which player did the clicking (using the value in sPlaySign), all you have to do is find out if someone won a game and figure out how to show that in the display. Finding a Winner After each move, the CheckWin function checks for the winning combination. CheckWin works by adding down each row, across each column and through each diagonal. Tracing the steps through CheckWin using Visual Basics Debug feature can be very educational. Finding a win is a matter of first, checking whether three 1s were found in each of the individual checks in the variable iScore, and then returning a unique signature value in Checkwin that is used as the array index to change the Visible property of one element in the linWin component array. If there is no winner, CheckWin will contain the value -1. If there is a winner, the display is updated, the scoreboard is changed, a congratulation message is displayed, and the game is restarted. Lets go through one of the checks in detail to see how it works. The others are similar. Check Rows for 3For i 1 To 3iScore 0CheckWin CheckWin 1For j 1 To 3iScore iScore iPos(i, j)Next jIf iScore 3 ThenExit FunctionEnd IfNext i The first thing to notice is that the first index counter i counts down the rows while the second j counts across the columns. The outer loop, then simply moves from one row to the next. The inner loop counts the 1s in the current row. If there are three, then you have a winner. Notice that you also keep track of the total number of squares tested in the variable CheckWin, which is the value passed back when this function terminates. Each winning combination will end up with a unique value in CheckWin from 0 to 7 which is used to select one of the elements in the linWin() component array. This makes the order of the code in function CheckWin important too! If you moved one of the blocks of loop code (like the one above), the wrong line would be drawn on the playing grid when someone wins. Try it and see! Finishing Details The only code not yet discussed is the subroutine for a new game and the subroutine that will reset the score. The rest of the logic in the system makes creating these quite easy. To start a new game, you have only to call the InitPlayGround subroutine. As a convenience for players since the button could be clicked in the middle of a game, you ask for confirmation before going ahead. You also ask for confirmation before restarting the scoreboard.

What Is the ACT Fifth Section Answers From ACT, Inc.

What Is the ACT Fifth Section Answers From ACT, Inc. SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you took the ACT on April 9th or if you had friends who did, you might have heard there was a fifth section, which is abnormal. Usually, the ACT has four sections plus an optional writing section: Math, Reading, English, and Science. However, on April 9th, at certain test centers, there were five sections plus an optional writing section: Math, Reading, English, Science, and additional Science. What was this fifth section? Why was it there? I talked to theDirector of Public Relations atACT, Inc., and got the answers! What Is the ACT Fifth Section? This ACT fifth section was an experimental section. This was confirmed by EdColby, the Director of Public Relations at ACT, Inc.If you’re familiar with the SAT, you know that on every test they include anexperimental section, which doesn’t count towards your score.If you took the ACT on April 9th and were panicked about the fifth section (the extra science section), do not fret! The fifth section will not count towards your score. Repeat, this section will not be factored into your ACT score, so do not stress about it. According to Mr. Colby, this isn't the first time the ACT has included an experimental section.While the ACT is not as well known for having an experimental section, ACT, Inc.,includes experimental sections with the ACT a couple of times per year.It’s not done on every test date, and it’s not done at all test centers. Mr. Colby said that, typically, students who take the ACT without the optional essay will be the ones to see the experimental section.The ACT test writersknow that it’s a long test and try to keep the experimental section as concise as possible.The experimental section is usually 30 minutes long.The experimental section could cover questions from any of the four sections:Math, Reading, English, or Science. Why Is It There? The experimental section is there to help ACT, Inc., field test potential new questions.On the April 9th test, it seems the ACT was testing out some new questions for the science section. Think of the experimental section like an experiment.ACT, Inc., is conducting an experiment using you the test-takers.They have new questions that they think are fair, but they want to test that hypothesis.To test that hypothesis, they include the extra section after the normal test is complete. They don’t tell you that the section is experimental or that it doesn’t count because they want you the test-taker to take the section seriously.If every student knew the section was experimental/didn’t count, how many students would just choose to sleep during the section and/or not bubble anything in the scantron?Probably quite a few students would not complete the section. They need students to put as much effort into the experimental section as they would the other four sections, so they can compare how students did on the regular questions to how students did on the experimental section. Based on how students performed, the ACT will decide whether the questions are fair.If they decide the questions are fair, the ACT will likely incorporate them into a future test.If not, the ACT likely tosses out those questions. Mr. Colby noted that ACT, Inc., really appreciate all of the students who take the experimental section and hopes they take it seriously because it will help ensure their peers have a fair test. Students who took the section had varied reactions. What Were Student Reactions? To gauge student reactions, I went to Twitter: So what was that 5th @ACT test for? - Marina (@Marina_faith123) April 9, 2016 Since when is there a fifth part to the ACT test - â“ ¡Ã¢â€œâ€Ã¢â€œ Ã¢â€œâ€ (@renenicole1016) April 9, 2016 Act test was decent that science wasn't even asking questions about the experiment 😂💠¯Ã°Å¸Ëœ © - The Under-under Dog (@DreBryant5) April 9, 2016 Students were generally very thrown off by the fifth section.Also, as I said earlier, students were not told this was an experimental section, and many students were/are afraid this section will count towards their score. Remember, if you took the April 9th test or if you take the ACT in the future and see a fifth section, this section is experimental and will not count towards your score. What Does This Mean For You? This means that if you're planning on taking the ACT sometime in the future, do not be worried if you see a fifth section. Know that this section is experimental and will not count towards your ACT composite score. That being said, you should treat the section seriously since it will affect future ACT test. Try to complete it to the best of your ability, but don't stress about feeling unprepared for the content. You don't need to be prepared for the content since it will not count towards your score. What’s Next? Getting ready to take the ACT soon? Check out our ultimate guides to the Reading, English, Math, andScience sections. Also, make sure you know the rules and regulations. Applying to college? Not sure where you want to go? Read our guideto finding your target schooland our guide to finding your target ACT score. Stressed about your college application? Read our guides to letters of recommendation, personal essays, and the common app. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

New Media Marketing and Online Ordering Form Essay

New Media Marketing and Online Ordering Form - Essay Example Thus, the institutions that are undergoing with the effective projections and development are noted to be trying to adopt the diverse changes evident within the system and increasing the prominence. Hence, the need for maintaining the social development based on the technical advancement and other attributes there is a huge needs of maintaining competitive edge by successful adoption of technology in a progressive manner. Online ordering has evolved in a more appropriate manner for developing the overall attributes within the domain of globalization. With the effective development and progression within the social system, the concept of media marketing and online ordering has changed from luxury commodities to necessity. The progression within the social lifestyle and development of technology has initiated the effective development associated with the progression of social development. With the need of progression, social media has been included within the diverse field and has become one of the prominent recourses that supports social progression and effectiveness of the media needs. Integrated approaches of the social system and the rapid progression within the domain of socialization has enhanced transparency and increased effectiveness of the system. Increase on the dependency on technology and time constraints among the people has increased the involvement of new media in marketing (Peltola & M akinen, 2014). With this regard, the essay intends to elaborate on the new media that is associated with marketing and development of ordering forms for meeting the needs of technology savvy consumers. Technological advancement and progression within the system of media management has incorporated a contrasting view in the marketing and ordering online domain. This strategic integration is often noted to possess a very adverse impact on

Assignment 4 for CLS325 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assignment 4 for CLS325 - Coursework Example The most common impression about independent films though is that such projects are not usually funded by the major motion picture producers. Because of this there have concepts that â€Å"films made by smaller studios or give a guarantee of distribution by one of the majors before production are classified as ‘semi-indie’.† (King 9) Limiting the definition of independence in film-making to questions of financing may result to inaccurate conclusions about indie movies though. What makes a film truly independent basically depends on the freedom of the film-makers themselves in expressing their ideas through their craft. With this concept, it is only clear that a major studio may create an independent arm which could produce films which contents and artistic directions are to be freed from intervention. However, it is true that that indie films produced by subsidiaries of major studios may not be as free as those that are made by non-corporate and non-business entit ies. Although these may have serious disadvantages in terms of budget, the producers, directors, writers, and all other artists involved relatively enjoy greater freedoms in expressing or in putting their creativity in film. With the shoestring budget though, independent film-makers certainly have problems in distribution. They may be able to innovate or to adapt their techniques to whatever logistical and equipment inadequacies that they experience but they may not be able to market the film as much as they would want to. This is the reason why most indie films are addressed only to a niche market. Only audiences to whom the subject of the film is relevant are able to see and understand the messages relayed by the film-makers and the artists. Conscious that their products are not meant to be enjoyed by a wider audience, after all, many indie film-makers also do not attempt to apply forms that are supposed to entice more people to watch. Indie films are considered as the alternative to the commercial fares often produced by Hollywood’s major studios. For both film critics and the audiences, this is cinema that provides more focus on the story and artistic expression rather than commercial success. Therefore, this may fall under the category of popular culture, one that may not be as attractive to the masses as Hollywood films are nevertheless interesting because these depict situations that may be reflective of the audiences’ real-life situations and because these are aesthetically delightful. However, it must be pointed out also that such productions, because of budgetary constraints, may not be packaged well when it comes to advertising. Hence, their advantages over Hollywood fares may not get full potential because of inadequate promotions. Hollywood film-making is obviously controlled by media and film-making moguls, people who have made and are still making huge fortunes out of producing films for commercial purposes. Since these are big ent ertainment business is essentially at the core of every film produced in Hollywood, it is only expected that profits are the objectives. Every movie produced could cost millions of dollars. However, the producers do not hesitate spending for these because they knew that with a star-studded cast, amazing visual effects, effective promotion, and widespread distribution, millions more could be earned from the box office. With profits as the objective, the importance of story and

Technical writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technical writing - Essay Example We are looking into the matter, and are fully aware of the staff members from whose email accounts the messages originated. We are in the process of confirming the identities of the culprits. But to ensure such practice does not occur again, the e-mail account owners will be fined. Furthermore, to prevent such practices from continuing, a new company policy regarding email policy has been constituted. With the new email policy coming in effect on 25 January, 2012, it is mandatory on the employees to save their emails in their systems to prevent future mishaps. Employees are requested to log out from their accounts when they are not present on their desks. This is to prevent abuse of the emails from another party. In case of such an occurrence, the account owner will be held responsible. I am hopeful that your experience in working with our company has been pleasurable. In order to ensure that the working environment stays so, and both the company and the employee benefit from this environment, a specific issue needs to be addressed. It has been brought to my notice that you have been failing to comply with the company’s attendance policy and have been taking leave from work a little too often without any prior notification. Also, that you have been lacking punctuality and have been occasionally found leaving office earlier than the official timings. Your previous and current efforts regarding punctuality and attendance are greatly appreciated. However for the future, it is advised that the issue be taken more seriously as it can result in termination from employment or heavy fine infliction. In view of your current performance, you need to exhibit strict punctuality with regard to office timings and other provisions of the ‘Employee Code of Conduct’. Certain exceptions are still allowed in case of emergency. Moreover, to assure that 100 percent attendance is maintained, it has officially been decided that

What are the significance of African American theater and culture from Essay

What are the significance of African American theater and culture from both a national and global perspective - Essay Example Their storytelling, dance,music and performance was a vital tool to motivate the slaves as they worked on tobacco and sugar cane plantations, mines and salt flats. Eventually as theater developed from the African ancestry of Greek tragedy of Shakespearean epics, American stages have created a broad series of plays, mostly prejudiced by the diverse population inhabiting this nation (Hill, 2004). Impacts realized through theatre performance in themes of African American plays The free southern theatre’s production of a play, by the name slave ship, reviewed the history of African American in the United States and deliberately dived audience along racial lines, (Baraka 1968) a symbolic slave ship was created in the center of the large playing area, with close seating, on all sides. The grasp of the ship, where slave bodies were piled in overcrowded quarters, was eye point with the audience portraying the merciless situation on board. During a created slave auction, female slaves were undressed topless and pushed at American men in the audience, who were inquired what they considered the women were valued. Many white audience members were so distressed by this violent argument with history that they created at early days; others hoped they had a chance to experience. At the end of the play, actors, involved black power actions, bringing on board the black audience members to join them in surrounding the white audience, while shouting for aggressive rebellion. At many performances, black audience members, felt empowered and motivated by the presentation, they joined the actors in shouting and frightening white spectators. Many white members felt endangered and irritated that they had paid to be battered, or felt powerless to express their compassion with the blacks in a mood of hostility. This play was meant to incite different reactions from different audience participants to educate the experience of history, and racism could not assist but power the audience’s experience of the play. These kinds of plays were used to polarize the audience along racial lines (Baraka 1968). Through the plays racism was discouraged in the United States through pre-active measures to prevent hostility among the citizens despite their race or origin. Once more, many white audience members were evidently shaken by the direct quarrel. This brought unity among the immigrants and the natives around the country and at a global level. The African American evolutions of theater presentations lead to the audiences have a freedom to choose to have control of their personal experience and choose where to focus during the performances. The spectators had the choice to decide what they want to focus on, either on the background themes such as light effects or to concentrate on the actor’s performance. This led the directors and stage actors develop mechanisms to compel l the performances so that the spectator s does not mix up their understanding. As the earlier directors took advantage of audience concentration they reduced the confrontation that dominated the previous performances in America (Hill, 2004). The open-air daytime performances in ancient Greece took place in a celebratory atmosphere in which social relations, drinking, and eating were all part of a daylong theatre occasion. Such events created an avenue for people from different races, cultures and tribes to interact, leading to exchange of cultural practices among them. This created a strong bond and a harmonious coexistence. In olden Rome, theatre was performed at religious celebration that presented a massive collection of entertainments. Both secular and sacred, arts were meant to

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Research Paper Example I will the use the comparison to explain the low and slow adoption Rate of Windows 8 in the Enterprise. Ultimately, I will use the benefits of each version to show how they affect perceived usefulness and perceive ease-to-use. The Technology Adoption Model (TAM) refers to an information system, which depicts how users accept and adopt technological innovations. TAM establishes various factors, which determine how and when users will adopt new technology. The named factors include the perceived ease-to-use and the significance of the new technology (Furneaux, 2006). Any new technology should be easy to use and able to enhance performance. In this context, Microsoft 8 should have an operating system that satisfies these factors. However, Microsoft 8 has many failures and has an operating system that has low perceived ease-to-use and little significance. As such, it does not satisfy the TAM factors and hence enterprise will not be considering moving to Windows 8. Indeed, Windows 8 does not meet the needs of Microsoft users. Windows Vista operating system is applicable on personal computers. It entails built-in accessibility settings and programs that enhance its usability in a computer. Indeed, the accessibility settings and programs are ease-of-use features, which enhance hearing and seeing thus enabling users with visual, cognitive, and hearing difficulties to use personal computers (Microsoft, 2013). Additionally, the availability of the Ease of Access Center in Windows Vista promotes the access and use of this version through improving the speech recognition and magnification capabilities (Microsoft, 2013). Additionally, Windows Vista Aero Glass and the updated graphical user interface also improved the usability of Windows Vista. The highlighting within the minimizing, maximizing, and exiting buttons for all applications improved the ease-of-use in this Microsoft version (Microsoft, 2013). As such, Windows Vista has significant change of usability and ease-of -use. However, there are other changes in the user interface, which seemingly make no sense. Overall, the above technological aspects amount to benefits, which improve the perceived usefulness and perceived ease-to-use of Windows Vista. Windows 7 has improved usability and ease-of-use, which depicts through the accessibility options and programs that makes usability easier. It also allows for the personalization of a PC by allowing changes in the PC’s colors, font size, and sounds (Microsoft, 2013). Windows 7 has a magnifier that enlarges item of the screen and an On-Screen Keyboard that makes it easier to use a computer (Microsoft, 2013). Additionally, Windows 7 encompasses innovation of speech recognition and touch technology that equally improves usability. More so, Microsoft users can enjoy speech recognition in Windows 7, which enables them to command and dictate any application in a computer (Micro